Kafan Munshi Premchand
Kafan Munshi Premchand
Munshi Premchand apni novels ke liye jane jate hain. Unki novels me apne aap mein alag hi maqaam rakhti hain. Kafan Munshi Premchand ki unhi novels mein ek hai jo bahot mash-hoor bhi hai.
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| Kafan Munshi Premchand |
JhonpDe ke darwaze par baap aur beta dono bujhe huye alaaow ke paas khaamosh baithe huye the. Aur andar bete ki naujavaan biwi Budhiya Dard-e-zeh se pachhaDein kha rahi thi aur rah - rah ke uske munh se aisi sada nikalti thi ki donon kaleja thaam lete the.
JaaDon ki raat thi, faza sannate mein gark, saara gaanv tareeki mein jazb ho gaya tha.
Gheesu ne kaha, "Maloom hota hai bachegi nahi, saara din tadapte ho gaya, Ja dekh to aa."
Maadhav dardnaak lahze mein bola, "Marna hi hai to jaldi mar kyun nahi jaati, dekh ke kya aaun."
"Tu bada be-dard hai be! Saal bhar jiske saath zindgaani ka sukh bhogaa usi ke saath itni be- wafaai."
“To mujhse to uska taDapna aur haath - paanv paTakna nahin dekha jata.”
Chamaaron ja kunba tha aur saare gaanv mein badnaam. Gheesu ek din kaam karta to 3 din aaraam, Maadhav itna kaamchor tha ki ghanTe bhar kaam karta to ghanTe bhar chilam peeta.
Isliye use koi rakhta hi na tha. Ghar mein muTti bhar anaaj bhi maujood ho to unke liye kaam karne ki kasam thi. Jab 2-1 faaqe ho jaate to Gheesu darakhton par chaDh kar lakdi toD lata aur Maadhav baazaar se bech laata aur jab tak wo paise rahte, donon idhar - udhar maare - maare firte. Jab faaqe ki naubat aa jaati to fir lakaDiyaan toDte ya koi mazdoori talaash karte. Gaanv mein kaam ki kami na thi. Kaashtkaaroon ka gaanv tha. Mehnati aadmi ke liye 50 kaam the magar un donon ko log usi waqt bulaate jab 2 aadmiyon mein se ek ka kaam pa kar bhi Qana'at
kar lene ke siwa aur koi chara na hota. Kaash dono saath hote to unhein qanaa'at aur tawakkul ke liye zabt e nafs ki mutlaq zaroorat na hoti. Ye unki khalqi sifat thi.
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| Kafan Munshi Premchand |
Ajeeb zindagi thi unki. Ghar mein miTTi ke 2 - 4 bartanon ke siwa koi asasa nahin. Fa-Te cheethDon se apni uryaani ko Dhaanke huye Duniya ki fikron se aazaad. Qarz se la-de huye. Gaaliyaan bhi khaate, maar bhi khaate magar koi gham nahin. Miskeen itne ki wasooli ki mutlaq ummeed na hone par log unhein kuch na kuch qarz de dete the. MaTar ya aaloo ki fasal mein kheton se maTar ya aaloo ukhaaD laate aur bhoon - bhoon kar khate ya din mein 10 - 5 eekh toD laate aur raat ko chooste. Gheesu ne isi jaahidaana andaaz mein 60 saal ki umr kaaT di aur Maadhav bhi sa'aadatmand beTe ki tarah baap ke naqsh e qadam par chal raha tha balki uska naam aur bhi raoshan kar raha tha.
Us waqt bhi donon alaaw ke saamne baiThe huye aaloo bhoon rahe the jo kisi ke khet se khod laaye the. Gheesu ki biwi ka to muddat huyi inteqaal ho gaya tha. Maadhav ki shaadi pichle saal huyi thi. Jab se ye aurat aayi thi, usne is khaandaan mein tamaddun ki buniyaad daali thi. Pisaayi kar ke, ghaas chheel kar wo ser bhar aaTe ka intezaam kar leti thi aur in donon be - gairton ka dozakh bharti rahti thi. Jab se wo aayi, ye donon aur bhi aaraam - talab aur aalsi ho gaye the balki kuch akaDne bhi lage the. Koi kaam karne ko bulaata to be - niyazi ki shaan mein do - guni mazdoori maangte. Wahi aurat aaj subah se dard e zeh mein mar rahi thi aur ye dono shayad isi intezaar mein the ki wo mar jaye to aaraam se soyen.
Gheesu ne aaloo nikaal kar chheelte huye kaha, "Ja dekh to kya haal hai, uski chuDail ka fasaad hoga aur kya. Yahaan to ojha bhi 1 rupaye maangta hai. Kiske ghar se aaye."
Maadhav ko andesha tha ki wo koThri mein gaya to Gheesu aaluon ka baDa hissa saaf kar dega. Bola,
"Mujhe wahaan Dar lagta hai."
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"Dar kis baat ka hai? Main to yahin hun hi."
"To tumhi jaa kar dekho na."
"Meri aurat jab mari thi to main 3 din tak uske paas se hila bhi nahin aur fir mujhse lajayegi ki nahin, kabhi uska muh nahin dekha, aaj uska udhDa hua badan dekhun. Use tan ki sudh bhi to na hogi. Mujhe dekh legi to khul kar haath paanv bhi na patak sakegi."
"Main to sochta hun ki koi baal bachcha ho gaya to kya hoga. SonTh, guD, tel, kuchh bhi to nahin hai ghar mein."
"Sab kuch aa jayega. Bhagwaan bachcha den to, jo log abhi ek paisa nahin de rahe hain, wahi tab bula kar denge. Mere to laDke huye, ghar mein kuch bhi na tha, magar is tarah har baar kaam chal gaya."
Jis samaaj mein raat din mehnat karne walon ki haalat unki haalat se kuch bahut achchi na thi aur kisaanon ke muqabale mein wo log jo kisaanon ki kamzoriyon se faida uThana jante the, kahin zyada Faarig-ul-baal the, wahaan is qism ki zahniyat ka paida ho jana koi ta'ajjub ki baat nahin thi.
Ham to kahenge Gheesu kisaanon ke muqable mein zyada bareeq-been tha aur kisaanon ki tahi - dimaag jamaiiyat mein shaamil honebke badle shaatiron ki fitna - pardaaz jamaa'at mein shaamil ho gaya tha. Haan usmein ye salaahiyat na thi shaatiron ke aain-o-aadaab ki paabandi bhi karta. Isliye ye jahaan uski jamaa'at ke aur log gaanv ke sargana aur mukhiya bane huye the, us par saara gaanv angusht - numaayi kar raha tha. Fir bhi use ye taskeen to thi hi ki agar wo khastahaal hai to kam se kam use kisaanon ki si jigar toD mehnat to nahin karni paDti aur uski saadgi aur be-zubaani se dusre beja faida to nahin uThaate.
Dono aaloo nikaal - nikaal kar jalte - jalte hi khaane lage. Kall se kuch bhi nahin khaaya tha. Itna sabr na tha ki unhein thanDa ho janein den.
Kayi baar donon ki zubaanein jall gayin. Chhil jaane par aaloo ka bairooni hissa to zyaada garm na maaloom hota tha lekin daaton ke paDte hi andar ka hissa zubaan aur halq aur taalu ko jalaa deta tha aur is angaare ko munh mein rakhne se zyaada khairiyat isi mein thi ki wo andar pahunch jaaye. Jahaan use thanDa karne ke liye kaafi saamaan the. Isliye donon jald - jald nigal jaate the haalanki is koshish mein unki aankhon se aansu nikal aate.
Gheesu ko us waqt Thakur ki baraat yaad aayi jismein 20 saal pahle wo gaya tha. Us daawat mein use jo seri naseeb huyi thi, wo uski zindagi mein ek yaadgaar Waaqiaa thi aur aaj bhi uski yaad taaza thi. Woh bola, "Wo bhoj nahin bhoolta. Tab se fir is tarah ka khaana aur bhar peT nahin mila. LaDki walon ne sabko puriyaan khilayi thi, sab ko. Chhote baDe sab ne puriyaan khaayin aur asli ghi ki. ChaTni, rayeta, 3 tarah ke sookhe saag, ek rasedaar tarkaari, dahi, chaTni, miThaai ab kya bataaun ki us bhoj mein kitna swaad mila.
Koi rok nahin thi. Jo cheez chaaho maango aur jitna chaaho khaao. Logon ne aisa khaaya, aisa khaaya ki kisi se paani na piya gaya, magar parosne wale hain ki saamne garm gol - gol mahekti huyi kachoriyaan daal dete hain. Manaa karte hain, nahin chahiye magar wo hain ki diye jaate hain aur jab sab ne munh dho liya to ek - ek beeDa paan bhi mila magar mujhe paan lene ki kahaan sudh thi. KhaDa na hua jaata tha. JhaTpaT jaa kar apne kambal par leT gaya. Aisa dariyadil tha wo Thakur."
Maadhav ne un takallufaat ka mazaa lete huye kahaa, "Ab hamein koi aisa bhoj khilaata."
"Ab koi kya khilayega? Woh zamana dusra tha. Ab to sab ko kifaayat soojhti hai. Shaadi byaah mein mat kharch karo, kriya - karm mein mat kharch karo. Pucho ghareeb ka maal baTor - baTor kar kahaan rakkhoge. Magar baTorne mein to kami nahin hai. Haan kharch mein kifaayat soojhti hai."
"Tumne 1-20 puriyaan khaayi hongi."
"20 se zyaada khayi thi."
"Main 50 kha jaata."
"50 se kam maine bhi na khaayi hongi, achcha paTTha tha. Tu uska aadha bhi nahi hai." Aaloo kha kar donon ne paani piya aur wahin alaao ke saamne apni dhotiyaan ooDh kar paanv peT mein Daal kar so rahe. Jaise 2 baDe - baDe azdahe kunDaliyaan maare paDe hon aur bhudhiya abhi tak karaah rahi thi.
(2)
Sub'h ko Maadhav ne koThri mein jaa kar dekha to uski biwi ThanDi ho gayi thi. Uske muh par makkhiyaan bhinak rahi thi. Pathraayi huyi aankhein upar Tangi huyi thin. Saara jism khaak mein lath-path ho raha tha. Uske peT mein bachcha mar gayaa tha.
Maadhav bhaaga hua Gheesi ke paas aaya aur fir dono zor - zor se haaye - haaye karne aur chhaati peeTne lage. PaDos walon ne ye Aah - o - zaari suni to dauDte huye aaye aur rasm- e qadeem ke mutabiq ghamzadon ki tashaffi karne lage.
Magar zyaada rone - dhone ka maoqa na tha, kafan ki aur lakDi ki fikr karni thi. Ghar mein to paisa is tarah gaayab thabjaise cheel ke ghonsle mein maans.
Baap - bete rote huye gaanv ke zameendaar ke paas gaye. Wo un dinon ki soorat se nafrat karte the. Kayi baar unhein apne haathon peeT chuke thr. Chori ki illat mein, wa'ade pe kaam na karne ki illat mein.
.png "Kafan Munshi Premchand") |
| Kafan Munshi Premchand |
Puchha, "Kya hai be Ghisuva, rota kyun hai, ab to teri soorat hi nazar nahin aati, ab ma'aloom hota hai tum is gaanv mein nahin rahna chaahte."
Gheesu ne zameen par sari rakh kar aankhon mein aansu bharte huye kaha, "Sarkaar baDi bipta mein hun. Maadhav ki ghar wali raat guzar gayi. Din bhar taDapti rahi sarkaar. Aadhi raat tak ham donon uske sirhaane baithe rahe. Dawa - daaru jo kuch ho saka sab kiya magar woh hamein daga de gayi, ab koi ek roTi dene walaa nahin raha maalik, tabaah ho gaye. Ghar ujaD gaya, aapka gulaam hun, ab aap ke siwa uski miTTi kaun paar lagayega, hamaare haath mein jo kuch tha, woh sab dawa - daaru mein uTh gaya, sarkaar ki hi daya hogi to uski miTTi uThegi, aap ke siwa aur kiske dwaar par jaaun."
Zameendaar Saahab rahem dil aadmi the magar Gheesu par rahem karna kaale kambal par rang chaDhaana tha. Jee mein to aaya kah den, "Chal door ho yahaan se laash ghar mein rakh kar saDaa. Yun to bulaane se bhi nahin aata. Aaj jab garaj paDi to aa kar khushaamad kar raha raha hai haraamkhor kahin ka badmaash." Magar ye gusse ya inteqaam ka mauqa nahin tha. Tauan-o-karhan 2 rupaye nikaal kar fenk diye magar tashaffi ka ek kalmaa bhi munh se na nikaala. Uski taraf taaka tak nahin. Goya sar ka bojh utaara ho. Jab zameendaar Saahab ne 2 rupaye diye to gaanv ke baniye mahaajanon ko inkaar ki jur'at kyun kar - hoti.
Gheesu zameendaar ke naam ka dhindhora peeTna jaanta tha. Kisi ne 2 aane diye, kisi ne 4 aane. 1 ghanTe mein Gheesu ke paas 5 rupaye ki ma'aqool raqam jama'a ho gayi. Kisi ne galla de diya, kisi ne lakDi aur dopaher ko Gheesu aur Maadhav bazaar se kafan laane chale aur log baans - waans kaaTne lage.
Gaanv ki raqeea-ul-qalb aurtein aa - aa kar laash ko dekhtin aur uski be-basi par 2 boond aansu gira kar chali jaati thin.
(3)
Bazaar mein pahunch kar Gheesu bola, "LakDi to use jalaane bhar ki mill gayi hai kyun Maadhav."
Maadhav bola, "Haan lakDi to bahut hai, ab kafan chahiye."
"To koi halka sa kafan le - len."
"Haan aur kya! Laash uThte - uThte raat ho jayegi. Raat ko kafan kaun dekhta hai."
"Kaisa bura riwaaz hai ki jise jeete jee tan dhakne ko cheethDa na mile, use marne par nayaa kafan chahiye."
"Aur kya rakha rahta hai. Yahi 5 rupaye pahle milte to kuch dawa - daaru karte."
Dono ek dusre ke dill ka maajra maanvi taur par samajh rahe the. Bazaar mein idhar - udhar ghoomte rahe. Yahaan tak ki shaam ho gayi. Dono ittefaaq se yaa amdan ek sharaab khaane ke saamne aa pahunche aur goya kisi taye - shuda faisle ke mutabiq andar gaye.
Wahaan zara der tak dinon tajbajub ki haalat mein khaDe rahe. Fir Gheesu ne 1 bottle sharaab li. Kuch gajak li aur donon baraamde mein baiTh kar peene lage.
Kayi kujjiyaan paiham peene ke baad donon suroor mein aa gaye.
Gheesu bola, "Kafan lagaane se kya milta. Aakhir jal hi to jaata. Kuch nahu ke saath to na jaata."
Maadhav aasmaan ki taraf dekh kar bola, goya farishton ko apni maasoomiyat ka yaqeen dila raha ho. "Duniya ka dastoor hai. Yahi log baamnon ko hazaaron rupaye kyun dete hain. Kaun dekhta hai. Parlok mein milta hai ya nahin."
"BaDe aadmiyon ke paas dhan hai foonken, hamaare paas foonkne ko kya hai."
Lekin logon ko kya jawaab doge? Log puchhenge ki kafan kahaan hai?"
Gheesu hansaa, "Kah denge ki rupaye kamar se khisak gaye. Bahut dhoondha, mile nahin."
Maadhav bhi hansaa, is gair mutwaqqe khush - naseebi par qudrat ko is tarah shikast dene par bola, "BaDi achchi thi bechari. Mari bhi to khoob khila - pila kar."
Aadhi bottle se zyada khatm ho gayi. Gheesu ne 2 ser puriyaan mangeayi, gosht aur saalan aur chaTpaTi kalejiyaan aur tali huyi machhaliyaan.
Sharaab khaane ke saamne dukaan thi, Maadhav lapak kar 2 pattalon mein saari cheezein le aaya. Pure 1.5 rupaye kharch ho gaye, sirf thode se paise bach rahe."
Donon us waqt is shaan se baiThe huye puriyaan kha rahe the jaise jungle mein koi sher apna shikaar uDa raha ho. Na jawaab - dehi ka khauf tha na badnaami ki fikr. Zof ke in maraahil ko unhone bahut pahle taye kar liya tha. Gheesu falasfiyaana andaaz mein bola, "Hamaari aatma prasann ho rahi hai to kya use punya na hoga."
Maadhav ne sar-e-aqeedat jhuka kar tasdeeq ki, "Zaroor se zaroor hoga. Bhagwaan tum antaryami ho. Use bainkuTh le jana. Ham donon dill se use Dua de rahe hain. Aaj jo bhojan mila wo kabhi umr bhar na mila tha."
Ek lamhe ke baad ke dill mein ek tashweesh paida huyi. Bola, "kyun dada ham log bhi to wahaan ek na ek din jayenge hi."
Gheesu ne is tiflaana sawaalon ka koi jawaab na diya. Maadhav ki taraf pur - malaamat andaaz se dekha.
"Jo wahaan ham logon se puchhegi ki tumne hamein kafan kyun na diya, to kya kahenge?"
"Kahenge tumhara sar."
"Puchhegi to zaroor."
"Tu kaise jaanta hai use use kafan na milega?' Mujhe ab gadha samajhta hai. Main 60 saal Duniya mein kya ghaas khodta raha hun. Usko kafan milega aur isse bahut achcha milega, jo ham denge."
Maadhav ko yaqeen na aaya. Bola, "Kaun dega? Rupaye to tumne chat kar diye."
Gheesu tez ho gaya, "Mai kahta hun use kafan milega to maanta kyun nahin?"
"Kaun dega, bataate kyun nahin."
"Wahi log denge jinhone ab ke diya. Haan wo rupaye hamare hath na aayenge aur agar kisi tarah aa jaayein to fir hambis tarah biThe piyenge aur kafan teesri baar lega."
Joon-joon andhrra baDhta tha aur sitaaron ki chamak tez hoti thi, maikhaane ki raunaqein bhi baDhti jaati thi. Koi gaata tha, koi bahekta tha, koi apne rafeeq ke gale lipTa jaata tha, koi apne dost ke munh se saagar lagaaye deta tha. Wahaan ki fiza mein suroor tha, hawa mein nasha. Kitne to chullu mein hi ullu ho jaate hain. Yahaan aate the to sirf khud-faramoshi ka maza lene ke liye.
Sharaab se zyaada yahaan ki hawa se masroor hote the. Zeest ki balaa yahaan kheench laati thi aur kuch der ke liye wo bhool jate thr ki wo zinda hain ya murda hain ya zinda-dar-gor hain.
Aur ye donon baap - beTe ab bhi maze le le ke chuskiyaan le rahe the. Sab ki nigaahein unki taraf jami huyi thi. Kitne khushnaseeb hain donon, puri bottle beech mein hai.
Khaane se faarigh ho kar Maadhav ne bachi huyi puriyon ka pattal uTha kar ek bhikaari ko de diya, jo khaDa unki taraf gurasna nigaahon se dekh raha tha aur "dene" ke guroor aur masarrat aur waleale ka, apni zindagi mein pahli baar ehsaas kiya. Gheesu ne kaha, "Le ja khoob kha aur aseerbaad de, jiski kamaayi thi wo to mar gayi magar tera aseerbaad use zaroor pahunch jayega, royen - royen se aseerbaad de, baDi gaaDhi kamaayi ke paise hain."
Maadhav ne fir aasmaan ki taraf dekh kar kahaa, "Wo bainkuTh mein jayegi. Dada bainkuTh ki raani banegi."
Gheesu khaDa ho gaya aur jaise masarrat ki lahron mein tairta hua bola, "Haan beta bainkuTh mein na jayegi to kya ye moTe-moTe log jayenge, jo gareebon ko donon haath se looT-te hain aur aur apne paap ke dhone ke liye Ganga mein jaate hain aur mandiron mein jal chaDhaate hain."
Ye khush-e'tiqaadi ka rang bhi badla. Talawwun nashe ki khaasiyat hai. Yaad aur gham ka daura hua. Maadhav bola, "Magar dada bechaari ne zindagi mein baDa dukh bhoga. Mari bhi kitni dukh jhel kar." Wo apni aankhon par haath rakh kar rone laga.
Gheesu ne samjhaya, "Kyun rota hai beTa! Khus ho ki wo maaya jaal se mukt ho gayi. Janjaal se chooT gayi. BaDi bhaagwaan thi jo itni jald maaya ke moh ke bandhan toD diye."
Aur donon wahin khaDe ho kar gaane lage;'Thagni kyun naina jhankaave! Thagni.
Saara maye-khaana mahav-e-tamasha tha aur he donon mainkash makhmoor mahviyat ke aalam mein gaaye jaate the. Fir donon naachne lage. Uchle bhi, koode bhi, gire bhi, maTke bhi, bhaaw bhi bataye aur aakhir nashe se badmast ho kar wahin gir paDe.
THE END
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