Bahadur Shah Zafar
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal samraton ke aakhri badshah Bahadur Shah Zafar the. Unka asli naam Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar tha. Unki paidaish 1775 mein Delhi mein hui thi. Woh Akbar Shah II ke beTe the aur 28 September 1837 ko apne waalid ke baad Dilli ke taaj par baiTh gaye. Jab Zafar gaddi par baiThe, tab tak Mughal saltanat sirf naam ki reh gayi thi. jab British East India Company ne Bharat ke kai hisson par apna qabza jama liya tha tab Bahadur Shah Zafar ki zindagi ek bade mushkil daur se guzri.
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| Bahadur Shah Zafar |
British East India Company ne Hindustan ka kaafi hissa apne qabze mein le liya tha. Bahadur Shah Zafar zyada political power nahi rakhte the, lekin unka darbaar ka tajurba, nazm aur adab ka ek baDa centre tha. Wo khud bhi ek achche shayar the aur unka qalam naam Zafar tha.
1857 ke pehle freedom struggle (First War of Independence) mein, unhe baaghi sipahiyon ne apna leader bana diya. Halanki unka contribution direct nahi tha, lekin angrezon ne unhe is bagaawat ka mukhiya zimmedar Thaharaya. 1857 ki kranti ke dauraan, unke Red Fort par Britishon ne kabzaa kar liya aur unke parivaar ke kai logon ko maar diya gaya.Iske baad unhe giraftar karke Rangoon (aaj ka Yangon, Myanmar) bhej diya gaya, Wahaan unhe ek qaid mein zindagi ke aakhri din bitane paDe. Wahan unhe ek political prisoner bana diya gaya. Unka parivaar maar diya gaya ya giraftar ho gaya. Zafar ne apne aakhri din exile mein bitaye – door apne watan se, apne logon se. Unka inteqaal 7 November 1862 ko hua. Unhein ek anjaan si jagah par dafan kiya gaya, aur kayi saalon tak unki qabr par koi nishaan bhi nahi tha.
Bahadur Shah Zafar sirf ek badshah hi nahin, balki ek shayar, ek artist aur ek azaadi ke symbol ki shaql mein yaad kiye jaate hain.
Bahadur Shah Zafar ek khamoshi pasand aur art ko pasand rakhne wale ruler the. Unka dil nazm, imagination aur sufi songs mein laga rehta tha. Wo khud bhi ek mash-hoor Urdu shayar the, aur unka takhallus "Zafar" tha. Unki shayari dard aur al-Hedgi se bhari hoti thi, jo unki personal aur political zindagi ki mushkilon ko dikhaata tha. Unki likhi hui kuch khaas line aaj bhi logon ke dil ko chhoo jaati hain,
jaise:
Kiski bani hai aalam-e-na-paye daar mein"
Zafar ki kahani sirf ek ruler ki kahani hi nahin, balki ek poet, laajawaab history aur virasat ki kahani hai. Unhone apna taaj, apni family, aur apna mulk kho diya, lekin unki shayari aur unka dard bhara andaaz logon ke dilon mein hamesha zinda rahega.
Aur aakhir mein unki ek aur mashhoor line:
Do gaz zameen bhi na mili ku-e-yaar mein"
Ye sher unki zindagi ke aakhri dard ka saboot hai. Bahadur Shah Zafar ka struggle unki kamzor fauj ke bawajood ek nishaan ban gaya – aazaadi ke liye ek aakhri koshish.Bahadur Shah Zafar Bharat ke history ke ek dard-dill, lekin shandaar shakhs the, jinki viraasat hamesha yaad rahegi.
Yahaan ek creative aur poetic style mein Bahadur Shah Zafar ke struggle ki kahani likhi gayi hai.
"Zafar ka Aakhri Safar" – Ek poem ki shaql mein
Dilli ki galiyon mein jab ek buzurg sa badshah chalta tha,
Na taj tha sir pe, na takht ka gumaan bacha tha.
Lekin aankhon mein the sapne ek aazaad Hindustan ke,
Aur dil mein chubhte the teer uske ujDe armaan ke.
Shayar tha, sufi tha, lekin waqt ne jang ka rang diya,
1857 ke sipahiyon ne usse ek naya roop diya.
"Zafar, tu hi humara badshah hai, aazaadi ka numainda!"
Aur wo le aaya ek Doobti shaan mein naye savere ki kiran liye.
Na thi talwaron ki chamak, na barood ka Dher,
Par dil tha sher ka, aur iraade the gahre.
Company ke firangi kaanp gaye Dilli ke naam se,
Lekin chhup gaya tha ek aansu Zafar ke har salaam mein.
Fir aayi woh ghaDi, jab Red Fort bhi paraya lagne laga,
Apne hi sheher mein ghulaami ka saya manDraane laga.
Giraftar hua Zafar, le jaya gaya Rangoon ke andheron mein,
Jahan dard hi dard likha tha uske har roz ke pehron mein.
Unka ek sher tha jo sab kuch kah raha hai:
Laga ke rakha tha jise taaj, woh mitt gaya izzat ke bazaar mein."
Zafar ka struggle ek chingari ban gaya,
Jo 1947 mein aag ban kar jala,
Aur Bharat ne aazaadi ka jashn manaya.
Azaadi ki Pehli Jung (1857)
1857 mein, British East India Company ke khilaf ek baDa inqlab aaya, jise "First War of Independence" ya "1857 ki Kranti" kaha jaata hai. Is andolan ke dauraan, kai Indian constable aur aam log British hukumat se azaadi chahte the. Jab ye andolan Delhi tak pahuncha, toh kranti karniyon ne Bahadur Shah Zafar ko apna leader banaya. Unhone unhe azaad Hindustan ka samrat declare kar diya.
Badshah ka Dard aur Majboori
Lekin asli mein, Bahadur Shah Zafar ke paas na toh army thi, na hi zyada taqat. Unka role zyada symbolic tha. Unhone apne taraf se support diya, lekin unki leadership ke bawajood, inqlab achchi tarah organize nahi ho paya. Britishon ne tezi se hamla kiya, aur Delhi ko dobara apne qabze mein le liya.
Giraftari aur Exile
1857 ke baad, Bahadur Shah Zafar ko giraftar kar liya gaya. Unke do BeTon ko Britishon ne goli maar di. Zafar par gaddari ka ilzaam laga, aur unhe Burma (aaj ka Myanmar) ke Rangoon shehar mein jail bhej diya gaya. Wahin 1862 mein unki maut ho gayi – akelaapan, dard aur mayusi ke saath.
Unki Virasat
Bahadur Shah Zafar sirf ek Badshah hi nahi, balki ek shayar bhi the. Unki shayari mein unka dard, separation aur azaadi ki chahat dikhti hai.
Unka struggle hume yaad dilata hai ki azaadi ke liye har pehlu se qurbani deni padti hai – chahe woh taqat ho, parivaar ho, ya zindagi hi kyun na ho.
Na kisi ke dil ka qarar hoon,
Jo kisi ke kaam na aa sake,
Main woh ek musht-e-ghubaar hoon.
– (Main ab kisi ke liye roshni ya sukoon nahi raha. Bas ek mitti ka zarra ban gaya hoon.)
2.“Kitna hai badnaseeb Zafar,
Dafn ke liye,
Do gaz zameen bhi na mili
Koo-e-yaar mein.”
– (Zafar ke liye yeh kismat ka sabse bada tamasha tha ki apni hi zameen par dafn hone ki jagah bhi na mili.)
3.“Umr-e-daraaz maang kar laaye the chaar din,
Do arzoo mein kat gaye, do intezaar mein.”
– (Zindagi chaar din ki mili, lekin woh bhi chahat aur intezaar mein guzar gaye.)
Ye shayariyaan unki bechaini, tanhaai aur azaadi ke liye unki bepanah chahat ko dikhati hain. Zafar ki zindagi ek aise shayar Badshah ki misaal hai, jo giri hui shahi ke saath apni pehchaan aur mulk ki azaadi ke liye laDta raha – bina kisi baDi sena ya taqat ke.
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